Abstract

Anemia represents a significant global health challenge, particularly among children. It arises from multiple causes. The impact of anemia is substantial, leading to fatigue and weakness, which can restrict physical activity. In children, it can also impair cognitive development, affecting learning ability and concentration. This underscores its profound influence on overall quality of life and developmental outcomes. Effective control of anemia demands a comprehensive approach. Early detection and timely intervention are critical to mitigating the long-term consequences of anemia on individuals and communities. Reducing anemia, especially in children, is cost-effective and yields substantial health benefits. Therefore, to achieve prevention, it is important to raise awareness in the community about anemia and its complications, because mild or moderate anemia, if unrecognized and untreated, can progress to severe and life-threatening stages. Accordingly, this review offers a comprehensive overview of anemia, encompassing inherited and acquired causes. It includes prevalence rates, regional studies, and detailed tables. Finally, the integration of scientific references and study findings confers validity, rendering it a supported and informative review.